In general, the calculation of funds of acquisition is similar to the valuation of inventories. It means that (i) you are calculating the “value” or “acquisition cost” of the shares that remain in your possession at a certain point of time, and (ii) you can take into account the costs of acquisition when you calculate funds of acquisition, but cannot take into account the cost of sale of shares or sales proceeds.
Examples:
You purchased 2,000,000 shares of a company at JPY 100 per share on 1 January 2020, and again purchased 3,000,000 shares of the same company at JPY 150 per share on 2 January 2020. Then, you sold 2,500,000 shares on 3 January 2020.
In this case, it is not clear whether such 2,500,000 shares were purchased on 1 January or 2 January. Therefore, you can choose from (a) the first-in, first-out method (“FIFO”), (b) the average method (“AM”) or (c) any other reasonable method of calculating the acquisition cost of the remaining 2,500,000 shares.
(a) If you choose FIFO, 2,000,000 of 2,500,000 shares will be deemed to be purchased on 1 January and the rest (500,000 shares) will be deemed to be purchased on 2 January. Therefore, the funds of acquisition of the remaining shares should be JPY 375,000,000*.
* (2,000,000 shares x JPY 100) + (3,000,000 shares x JPY 150) = JPY 650,000,000 [funds of acquisition of the initial 5,000,000 shares]
(2,000,000 shares x JPY 100) + (500,000 shares x JPY 150) = JPY 275,000,000 [funds of acquisition of the shares sold]
JPY 650,000,000 – JPY 275,000,000 = JPY 375,000,000 [funds of acquisition of the remaining shares]
(b) If you choose AM, the acquisition cost corresponding to the sold shares is calculated by using the average cost before selling the shares. Therefore, the funds of acquisition of the remaining shares should be JPY 325,000,000**.
** {(2,000,000 shares x JPY 100) + (3,000,000 shares x JPY 150)}/ 5,000,000 shares = JPY 130 [average cost per shares before selling the shares]
JPY 130 x 2,500,000 = JPY 325,000,000 [funds of acquisition of the shares sold]
JPY 650,000,000 – JPY 325,000,000 = JPY 325,000,000 [funds of acquisition of the remaining shares]
To sum up, the funds of acquisition of the shares in possession after each transaction are as follows:
Date |
Transaction |
Number of shares owned |
Funds of Acquisition |
1 Jan 2020 |
Purchased 2,000,000 shares at JPY 100 |
2,000,000 |
JPY 200,000,000 |
2 Jan 2020 |
Purchased 3,000,000 shares at JPY 150 |
5,000,000 |
JPY 650,000,000 |
3 Jan 2020 |
Sold 2,500,000 shares at certain price |
2,500,000 |
(a) JPY 375,000,000
(b) JPY 325,000,000 |